Tetracycline Hydrochloride 1% Ophthalmic Ointment is a tetracycline-class antibiotic ointment that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis to treat ocular infections like bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, trachoma, and prevents post-surgical/traumatic infections. Applied 1-2 cm into the conjunctival sac 3-4 times daily (6+ weeks for trachoma), it may cause mild eye irritation initially, with rare allergic reactions like rash or eyelid edema. Contraindicated in tetracycline-allergic individuals, children under 8, pregnant/lactating women (risks tooth/bone development), it should be stored in a cool, dark place below 20°C and used within 4 weeks of opening. Avoid contact with heavy metal eye drugs, and seek medical help if symptoms worsen or vision declines, as tetracycline resistance may require sensitivity testing for severe infections.
I. Pharmacological Action and Antibacterial Spectrum
Mechanism of Action: Binds to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, preventing aminoacyl-tRNA from attaching to ribosomes and inhibiting peptide chain elongation and protein synthesis, thus exerting bacteriostatic effects.
Antibacterial Scope:
Active against both Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., staphylococci, streptococci) and Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae).
Effective against atypical pathogens such as chlamydia (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis) and rickettsia.
Trachoma (a chronic infectious eye disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis).
Prevention of infections after eye surgery or trauma.
Dosage and Administration:
Apply 1-2 cm of ointment into the conjunctival sac, 3-4 times daily. Reduce frequency after symptoms ease (adjust as directed by a physician).
For trachoma treatment, use continuously for at least 6 weeks to prevent recurrence.
III. Adverse Reactions and Precautions
Common Adverse Reactions:
Local Irritation: Mild ocular stinging or burning sensation may occur initially, generally tolerable.
Allergic Reactions: Rare cases of rash, itching, or eyelid edema; discontinue immediately and seek medical attention if observed.
Drug Resistance: Prolonged use may lead to overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria, causing superinfection (e.g., fungal infection).
Contraindications and Cautions:
Contraindicated in patients allergic to tetracyclines.
Use with caution in children under 8 years (tetracycline may deposit in teeth and bones, affecting development).
Avoid use in pregnant and lactating women (the drug may cross the placenta or secrete into breast milk, impacting fetal/infant tooth development).
Drug Interactions:
If combining with other antibiotic ointments (e.g., erythromycin), space administrations by at least 1 hour to avoid interference.
Avoid concurrent use with ophthalmic medications containing heavy metals (e.g., zinc oxide), which may reduce efficacy.
IV. Usage and Storage Guidelines
Application Notes:
Wash hands before use, gently pull down the lower eyelid, and apply the ointment into the conjunctival sac. Avoid letting the ointment tube tip touch the eye or other objects to prevent contamination.
Close the eyes for 1-2 minutes after application to allow even distribution of the drug.
Storage Conditions:
Store in a cool, dark place (below 20°C) away from light and moisture, out of children's reach.
Use within 4 weeks after opening; discard immediately if the ointment changes color or becomes dry and clumpy.
V. Special Warnings
Tetracycline Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Ointment is for ocular use only; do not take orally or apply to other body parts.
If symptoms worsen (e.g., increased redness, pain, vision loss) or systemic symptoms like excessive discharge or fever occur during treatment, seek prompt medical attention to rule out other causes (e.g., viral keratitis).
Due to increasing resistance to tetracyclines, severe ocular infections may require bacterial culture and sensitivity testing to select more appropriate medications.
- Contraindicated: Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
- Caution: Children <8 years (affects tooth/bone development), pregnant/lactating women (drug crosses placenta/secretes into breast milk)
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